Imishini yokugebenga nokuphakamisa ingamathuluzi abalulekile ekukhiqizeni izimboni, ezokwakha, nasezintweni. Ukuthembeka kwabo kuthinta ngqo ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle. Kodwa-ke, izinkampani eziningi azikunaki ukunakekela okujwayelekile noma ukusebenza ngendlela engafanele, okuholela ekugugeni ngaphambi kwesikhathi kanye nokuphuka kwemishini yokugebenga, ngisho nezingozi. Ukunakekelwa kwesayensi akugcini nje ngokunweba isikhathi sempilo yezinto zokusebenza kodwa futhi kunciphisa ngempumelelo ingozi yokwehluleka. Lesi sihloko sichaza ngokuhlelekile amaphuzu okugcina abalulekile okulungisa imishini yokugebenga nokuphakamisa, okuhlanganisa ukuhlanza nokugcinwa kahle, ukuhlolwa okuvamile, ukuphathwa kwesitoreji, nezinqubo zokusebenza.
I. Ukuhlanzwa Kwansuku zonke kanye Nokugcinwa Okuyisisekelo
Ukuhlanza imishini yokugaya kanye nokuphakamisa kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokunakekelwa. Ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, susa ukungcola okufana nowoyela, uthuli, nezinsalela zamakhemikhali endaweni yokusebenza, ikakhulukazi izindawo ezithanda ukonakala njengezintambo zocingo, izingwegwe, nama-pulley. Sebenzisa indwangu ethambile noma i-ejenti yokuhlanza ekhethekile ukuze usule, ugweme imihuzuko endaweni yensimbi. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezichayeke kumswakama isikhathi eside, ezifana nokufakwa kwe-port crane, kudinga ukunakwa okukhethekile ekuvimbeleni ukugqwala: sebenzisa -igrisi yokugqwala ngemva kokuhlanza futhi uqinisekise izimo ezomile nezingenawo umoya. Ukwengeza, hlola imicu yezixhumi (njengamaketango nama-turnbuckles) ukuxega. Ziqinise ngesikrufu uma kunesidingo ukuze zingawi ngenxa yokudlidliza.
II. Ukuhlolwa Okuvamile Nokuhlolwa Kwezingxenye Ezibalulekile
1. Intambo Yocingo kanye Nendwayimana
Izintambo ziwumthwalo oyinhloko-izingxenye ezithwalayo zezinto zokuphakamisa. Indawo yazo kufanele ihlolwe masonto onke ukuze kubhekwe izintambo eziphukile, ukuguga, ukugqwala, noma ukubola. Uma umucu owodwa unezintambo eziphukile ezingaphezu kuka-5% noma ububanzi bawo bugqokwe ngaphezu kuka-10% wobukhulu bawo bangempela, kufanele kushintshwe ngokushesha. Izihlilingi kufanele zihlolwe ukuthi azikho yini izingqimba eziqhekekile kanye nomthwalo osobala-onama-cores ukuze kunqandwe ukuphuka ngenxa yomonakalo ogcwele kakhulu noma wokushwibeka.
2. Izingwegwe namaPulleys
Umzimba wehuku, ikhola yehhuku, nesiqeshana sokuphepha yizindawo ezibalulekile zokuhlola. Uma umlomo we-hook ukhubazekile, uqhekekile, noma ugqokwe ngaphezu kwe-10% (kubalwa ngokusekelwe esigabeni esibucayi), ihhuku kufanele isuswe enkonzweni. Ama-Pulley bearings kufanele agcotshwe njalo futhi ahlolwe ukujikeleza kwamahhala. Uma ukuguga kwe-groove kudlula u-20% wobukhulu bodonga, kufanele kushintshwe ukuze kuvinjwe intambo yocingo ukuthi ingagxumi noma ilayishe ngokungalingani.
3. Izixhumi namadivayisi okuphepha
Izikhonkwane zezixhumi ezifana namaketango nama-eyebolt kufanele zingabi namagobi noma ziguge ngokweqile, futhi izikhonkwane ze-cotter kufanele zifakwe ngokugcwele futhi ziqiniswe. Imishini yokuphepha efana nezikhawuli namabhuleki kufanele ihlolwe nyanga zonke ukuze isebenze kahle ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ingacisha ugesi ngokushesha esimweni sokugcwala ngokweqile noma izimo ezingavamile.
III. Ukuphathwa Kwesitoreji kanye Nokulawulwa Kwemvelo
Lapho ingasetshenziswa, izinto zokugenca nokuphakamisa kufanele zigcinwe endaweni eyomile, epholile, neqokiwe, kude nokukhanya kwelanga okuqondile nezinto ezigqwalayo. Kutuswa ukuthi izintambo zocingo zisongelwe noma zilengiswe ukuze kugwenywe ukusonteka nokuguquka. Izintambo zokuphakamisa kufanele zigoqwe kahle futhi ziqhelelane nemiphetho ebukhali. Ngaphambi kokuthi-isitoreji sesikhathi eside, gcoba{4}}igrisi evimbela ukugqwala futhi umboze ngekhava yothuli. Imishini esetshenziswa njalo kufanele futhi ihlinzekwe ngezinyathelo zokuzivikela ezilula phakathi kokusetshenziswa, njengokumboza ngoseyili.
IV. Izinqubo Zokusebenza Nokuqeqeshwa Kwabasebenzi
Ukusebenza okungalungile kuyimbangela enkulu yomonakalo wokuqothuka. Ngaphambi kokuphakamisa, qiniseka ukuthi umthwalo aweqi umthwalo olinganiselwe wemishini. Gwema ukudonsa nge-diagonal, ukuhudula, noma ukubhuleka kungazelelwe. Abaqhubi kufanele bathole ukuqeqeshwa kochwepheshe futhi bajwayelane nokusebenza kwemishini kanye nezinqubo zokuyilungisa. Ngokwesibonelo:
• Gcina isivinini esingaguquki ngesikhathi uphakamisa ukuze ugweme ukushaqeka kwemithwalo;
• Gcoba njalo izingxenye ezihambayo (njengama-pulley bears kanye namaphoyinti ogrisi wezintambo zezintambo);
• Vala shaqa ngokushesha futhi uhlole noma yimuphi umsindo ongajwayelekile, ukudlidliza, noma izingxenye ezixegayo.
Isiphetho
Ukugcina imishini yokugezela nokuphakamisa kuyinqubo ehlelekile edinga inhlanganisela yokugcinwa kwansuku zonke, ukuhlolwa okuvamile, nokusebenza okujwayelekile. Ngokusebenzisa lezi zinyathelo ngokuqinile, izinkampani azikwazi nje ukuthuthukisa ukwethembeka kwemishini kodwa futhi ziqinisekise ukuphepha kwabasebenzi nokuqhubeka kokukhiqiza. Khumbula: izindleko zokunakekelwa kokuvikela zincane kakhulu kunezindleko zezingozi. Ukuphathwa kwesayensi yempilo yokukhohlisa kuyisici esibalulekile sokuphepha kwezimboni.
