Intambo Yocingo Lahla Imibandela: Ukuqonda Amazinga e-ISO 4309

Intambo yensimbi iwumthwalo obalulekile-othwala ingxenye kuma-cranes, ama-hoists, ama-elevator, izinto zokuphakamisa, imishini yokwakha kanye nezinhlelo zokubamba zezimboni. Ngesikhathi sesevisi, intambo yocingo iwohloka kancane kancane ngenxa yokugoba okuphindaphindiwe, ukuhuzuka, ukugqwala, ukukhathala, ukuchotshozwa kanye nokuguqulwa. Ukwazinini ukufaka esikhundleni intambo yocingokubalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukwehluleka kwemishini kanye nokugcina imisebenzi yokuphakamisa ephephile.

ISO 4309inikeza isiqondiso esiqashelwa umhlaba wonke sokunakekelwa, ukunakekelwa, ukuhlolwa kanye nokulahlwa kwezintambo zensimbi zensimbi ezisetshenziswa kumakhreni nama-hoists. Izinga lihlola izindlela ezimbalwa zokuwohloka kunokuthembela esilinganisweni esisodwa. Umuntu onekhono kufanele acabangele ukwakhiwa kwentambo, ukufaka isicelo, izimo zokusebenza kanye nomphumela ohlangene wamaphutha ahlukene lapho enquma ukuthi intambo kufanele ilahlwe yini.

Iyini i-ISO 4309?

ISO 4309:2017, enesihlokoAma-cranes - Izintambo zocingo - Ukunakekela nokunakekela, ukuhlola nokulahla, usungula izimiso zokuhlola kanye nokugcina izintambo zensimbi zensimbi ezisetshenziswa kuma-cranes, ama-hoists kanye nempahla yokuphakamisa ehlobene.

Izinga lihlanganisa izindlela ezivamile zokuwohloka okuhlanganisa:

• Izintambo ezibonakalayo nezingaphakathi ziphuka
• Ukunciphisa ububanzi bezintambo
• Ukugqokwa kwangaphandle nangaphakathi
• Ukugqwala
• Ukuguqulwa kwezintambo
• Ukuhlanekezela kwestrand noma ukuphuma
• Umonakalo omkhulu kanye nokwehliswa kobubanzi bendawo
• Ama-Kinks nezigaba eziyisicaba
• Ukushisa noma ukulimala kukagesi
• Imiphumela ehlanganisiwe yezindlela eziningi zokuwohloka

I-ISO 4309:2017 iphinde ibone ukuthi ukuwohloka kungase kube kubi kakhulu ezindaweni ezithile, okuhlanganisa izindawo eziphambanayo ezigubhu{2}}zendlalelo eziningi. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlola akufanele kukhawulelwe ekuhloleni okungahleliwe kwendawo yentambo.

Izilinganiso Zokuhlola Intambo Yezintambo Eziyinhloko

Isinyathelo 1: Kala ububanzi bentambo yocingo usebenzisa ithuluzi lokulinganisa elilinganisiwe.

Ukuhlolwa kwezintambo zocingo okufanele kufanele kuhlole ipharamitha engaphezu kweyodwa. Lezi zindawo ezinhlanu ezilandelayo zibaluleke kakhulu lapho kuhlolwa isimo sezintambo.

1. Ukunciphisa Ububanzi Bentambo Yocingo

Ukulinganisa ububanzi bezintambo kungenye yezindlela zokuhlola ezibaluleke kakhulu. Ukwehliswa kobubanzi kungabonisa ukuguga kwangaphandle, ukuguga kwangaphakathi, ukugqwala, izintambo eziphukile, ukuwohloka komgogodla noma omunye umonakalo wesakhiwo.

Ububanzi obulinganisiwe kufanele buqhathaniswe nobubanzi bentambo obuvamile futhi, lapho kufanele, namarekhodi okuhlola angaphambilini. ISO 4309:2017 iyakwenzahhayisebenzisa umthetho ojwayelekile othi "90% wobukhulu obujwayelekile" kulo lonke uhlobo lwezintambo. Umbandela wokulahla osebenzayo uncike ekwakhiweni kwentambo kanye nesimo sokuwohloka.

Indlela Yokukala Ububanzi Bentambo Yezintambo Ngokunembe

Ukuze uthole intambo yocingo enezintambo, ububanzi obufanele kufanele bulinganiswe kuyo yonke intambo kusetshenziswa i-caliper efanelekile noma igeji yobubanzi bentambo. Izilinganiso akufanele zithathwe ezintanjeni ngazinye noma phakathi kwezigodi ezinezintambo.

1. Hlanza ukungcola okweqile, amafutha kanye nokugqwala okuxekethile endaweni yokuhlola.
2. Khetha ingxenye emele intambo.
3. Beka insimbi yokulinganisa ezindaweni ezibanzi kakhulu zentambo.
4. Thatha izilinganiso ezindaweni eziningi eduze kwentambo.
5. Phinda izilinganiso ezindaweni eziningana eduze kwentambo.
6. Rekhoda i-diameter elinganisiwe futhi uyiqhathanise nobubanzi obuncane kanye nedatha yokuhlola yangaphambilini.

Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezibucayi zokuphakamisa, ukuqapha ithrendi kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba ububanzi obushintsha ngokushesha bungase bubonise ukuwohloka okusheshisiwe nangaphambi kokuba kufinyelelwe umkhawulo wokugcina wokulahla.

2. Izintambo Ezibonakalayo Eziphukile

Izintambo eziphukile zingenye yezimpawu ezibonakala kakhulu zokuwohloka kwentambo yocingo. Nokho, inani lezintambo eziphukile ezamukelekayoakuyona inombolo emisiwe yendawo yonke. I-ISO 4309:2017 ihlinzeka ngemibandela ehlukene ngokuya ngokwakhiwa kwezintambo, isigaba sezintambo, uhlobo lwe-lay nesimo sokusebenza.

Ngokwakhiwa kwezintambo okusebenzayo, izintambo eziphukile ziyahlolwa ngobude bereferensi obufana nalokhu:

• 6d- izikhathi eziyisithupha ubukhulu bentambo
• 30d- izikhathi ezingamashumi amathathu kunobubanzi bentambo encane

Isibonelo, uma intambo inobubanzi obungu-20 mm:

• 6d=120 mm
• 30d=600 mm

Umkhawulo osebenzayo{0}}wentambo ophukile uncike ekwakhiweni kwentambo nesimo sokuhlolwa. Izintambo ezizungezayo{2}}zidinga ukunakwa okukhethekile ngoba ukunqamuka kwezintambo zangaphakathi kungenzeka ngaphandle kokubonakala ngaphandle.

3. Ukugqokwa Nokuhushulwa

Ukuthintana okuphindaphindiwe phakathi kwentambo nezithungu, izigubhu, amarola nezinye izingxenye kunganciphisa kancane kancane ububanzi bezintambo ezingaphandle.

Izimpawu ezijwayelekile zokugqokwa kwangaphandle zihlanganisa:

• Izintambo zangaphandle eziyisicaba
• Ububanzi bentambo obuncishisiwe
• Izindawo zokugqoka ezicwebezelayo noma ezipholishiwe
• Ukulahleka kwephrofayili ye-strand yasekuqaleni
• Ukunqamuka kwezintambo ezibonakalayo okuhlotshaniswa nezindawo ezigugile

Ukuguga okungalingani kungase kubonise ukuhlelwa kwe-sheave okungalungile, izilinganiso zemisele engafanele, i-engeli yemikhumbi eyeqile, ukugcotshwa okungalungile noma izimo zokusebenza ezingavamile.

4. Ukugqwala

Ukugqwala kunganciphisa kakhulu indawo-yengxenye yentambo yentambo futhi kusheshise ukwehluleka ukukhathala. Kokubiliukugqwala kwangaphandlefuthiukugqwala kwangaphakathikufanele kucatshangelwe ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa.

Naka kakhulu izintambo ezivezwe ku:

• Izindawo zasolwandle nezisogwini
• Umswakama ophezulu
• Isifutho samanzi anosawoti noma usawoti
• Izindawo zokucubungula amakhemikhali
• Izindawo zokwakha zangaphandle
• Amanzi, udaka noma izimo zokusebenza ezingcolile

Ukuguquguquka kombala kukodwa akusho ukuthi intambo isifinyelele esimweni sayo sokulahlwa. Umhloli kufanele ahlole isimo sangempela sezintambo, okuhlanganisa ukuqina kokugqwala, umgodi, ukulahleka kwendawo eyinsimbi kanye nokunqamuka kwezintambo okuhlobene.

5. Ukuguqulwa Kwezintambo

Intambo yocingo ingaba engaphephile ngisho noma isibalo sezintambo ezibonakalayo eziphukile liphansi uma kuqhathaniswa. Ukuguqulwa kwesakhiwo kungase kubonise ukulimala kwejometri yangaphakathi yentambo noma umgogodla.

Izinhlobo ze-deformation ezijwayelekile zihlanganisa:

• I-Kinking:Ukugoba okubukhali okuhlala njalo noma ukuhlanekezelwa kwentambo.
• Ukucwiliswa kwezinyoni:Izintambo zangaphandle zivuleka noma zihlukaniswe nenkambo yentambo.
• Ukuguqulwa kwebhasikidi:Imicu iyasuswa noma inwetshwe.
• Ukucaba:Ingxenye yentambo{0}} iba isicaba kakhulu.
• I-Core protrusion:Umgogodla wentambo noma intambo yangaphakathi ibonakala noma isuswe.
• I-Strand protrusion:Intambo eyodwa noma ngaphezulu iyasuka endaweni yayo yasekuqaleni.
• Ushintsho lobubanzi bendawo:Ukwenyuka noma ukuncipha okwenziwe okwasendaweni kubonisa umonakalo ongase ube khona wesakhiwo.

Ukuphuka kwentambo okuphelele kuyisimo esibucayi. Ngaphansi kwe-ISO 4309:2017, intambo enqamuke umucu ophelele kufanele ilahlwe ngokushesha.

Intambo Yocingo Lahla Imibandela Ngokubheka

Indlela Yokuhlola Intambo Yocingo Isinyathelo Nesinyathelo

Isinyathelo sesi-2: Hlola ingaphezulu lentambo ukuze uthole izintambo eziphukile, ukubola, ukugqwala kanye nokonakala.

1. Khomba intambo:Qinisekisa i-diameter yentambo, ukwakhiwa, uhlobo lwe-core, i-lay direction kanye nokusetshenziswa.
2. Thola izigaba ezibalulekile:Hlola izindawo ezizungeze izigubhu, izithungu, ukuphela kokuqedwa kanye nezindawo eziphambanayo.
3. Hlanza intambo:Susa ukungcola okuxekethile nokungcola ukuze kubonakale amaphutha.
4. Linganisa ububanzi:Rekhoda ububanzi bentambo endaweni emele-enobungozi obukhulu.
5. Bala izintambo eziphukile:Hlola ubude obusebenzayo bokuhlola okungu-6d no-30d lapho kudingeka.
6. Hlola ukugqokwa:Bheka izintambo eziyisicaba, ukuhuzuka kanye nezinguquko ku-strand geometry.
7. Hlola ukugqwala:Hlola kokubili ukugqwala okubonakalayo kwendawo kanye nezinkomba zokugqwala kwangaphakathi.
8. Hlola ukuguqulwa:Bheka ama-kinks, i-birdcaging, flattening, i-strand protrusion kanye nomonakalo omkhulu.
9. Linganisa ukuwohloka okuhlanganisiwe:Amaphutha amaningi endaweni efanayo angaba nomthelela omkhulu kunanoma isiphi isici esicatshangelwa ngokuzimela.
10. Rekhoda ukuhlolwa:Gcina amarekhodi okuhlola ukuze ubone ukuwohloka kwezitayela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Kufanele Ihlolwe Kuphi Intambo Yocingo Ngokucophelela?

Ukuwohloka kwentambo yocingo akusatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo ngaso sonke isikhathi ngobude bayo. Ezinye izindawo zithola ukugoba okuphezulu, ingcindezi, ukuhuzuka noma ukusebenzisana komshini ngakho zidinga ukunakwa okwengeziwe.

• Izindawo ze-Drum crossover:Ibaluleke kakhulu-ekuhlanganiseni kwezingqimba eziningi.
• Izindawo zokuxhumana ze-sheave:Ukugoba okuphindaphindiwe kungasheshisa ukukhathala nokuguga.
• Izindawo zokungena nokuphuma kwezigubhu:Lezi zindawo zingase zithole ukugoba okuphindaphindiwe kanye{0}}nemiphumela ye-engeli.
• Qeda ukunqanyulwa:Hlola izintambo eziphukile, ukugqwala, ukuhlanekezela kanye nokunqanyulwa okungafanele.
• Izithungu ze-Equalizer:Hlola izindawo ezingaphansi kwemijikelezo yokugoba ephindaphindiwe.
• Izindawo ezichayeke ekungcoleni:Ukungcola, amakhemikhali kanye nomswakama kungasheshisa ukuwohloka.

Kungani I-Wire Rope Diameter Iyodwa Inganele

Iphutha elivamile lapho kuhlolwa izintambo zocingo ukwahlulela isimo sentambo usebenzisa i-diameter iyodwa. Intambo ingase ibonakale iseduze nobubanzi bayo obuvamile kuyilapho ihlushwa izintambo eziphukile zendawo, ukugqwala kwangaphakathi, ukuwohloka noma okunye ukonakala kwesakhiwo.

Ngokuphambene, ukuncishiswa okuncane kobubanzi akusho ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuthi zonke izintambo sezifinyelele esimweni sokulahla esifanayo ngoba imibandela esebenzayo incike ekwakhiweni kwentambo kanye nendlela yokuwohloka.

Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukuhlolwa kwezintambo zezintambo kufanele kuhlanganise:

• Isilinganiso sobubanzi
• Ukuhlolwa{0}}kwezintambo okuphukile
• Gqoka ukuhlola
• Ukuhlolwa kokugqwala
• Ukuhlolwa kokuguqulwa
• Isimo se-core kanye ne-strand
• Umlando wesevisi nezimo zokusebenza
• Amarekhodi okuhlolwa kwangaphambilini

Kufanele Ishintshwe Nini Intambo Yocingo?

Intambo yocingo kufanele icatshangelwe ukuze ifakwe esikhundleni lapho umbandela wokulahla osebenzayo ufinyelelwa noma lapho iphutha elibi lidala ubungozi obungamukeleki bokuphepha. Izibonelo zifaka:

• Izintambo eziphukile zeqa umkhawulo ofanele wokwakhiwa kwezintambo kanye nesimo sesevisi.
• Ukwehliswa kobubanzi kufinyelela kumbandela wokulahla osebenzayo.
• Ukuphuka komucu okuphelele kukhonjwa.
• Ukwehliswa okukhulu kobubanzi bendawo kubonisa ukwehluleka okuyinhloko noma kwesakhiwo.
• Ukugqwala okukhulu kunciphise kakhulu ingxenye yensimbi.
• Ukonakala okukhulu okufana ne-kinking noma i-birdcaging kwenzekile.
• Ukushisa noma ukulimala kukagesi kuphazamise intambo.
• Izindlela eziningi zokuwohloka ziyahlangana ukuze zenze isimo esingamukeleki.

Uhlu Lokuhlola Intambo Yezintambo

Imibuzo Ejwayelekile Mayelana Nezintambo Zocingo Lahla Imibandela

Liyini izinga le-ISO lemibandela yokulahla intambo yocingo?

ISO 4309iyindinganiso ebalulekile yamazwe ngamazwe ehlanganisa ukunakekelwa, ukunakekelwa, ukuhlolwa nokulahlwa kwezintambo zensimbi zensimbi ezisetshenziswa kuma-cranes nama-hoists. Uhlelo luka-2017 luhlinzeka ngemibandela yezintambo eziphukile, ukunciphisa ububanzi, ukugqwala, ukuwohloka nezinye izindlela zokuwohloka.

Kufanele ilahlwe nini intambo yocingo?

Intambo yocingo kufanele ilahlwe lapho umbandela wokulahla we-ISO 4309 osebenzayo ufinyelelwa noma uma isici esibucayi njengokuphuka okuphelele kwentambo, ukuwohloka okukhulu, ukugqwala okubucayi noma ukulimala kwesakhiwo kwenza ukuqhubeka nokusebenza kungaphephile.

Ingabe u-90% wobukhulu obujwayelekile uwumkhawulo wokulahla we-ISO 4309?

Hhayi njengomthetho wendawo yonke. I-ISO 4309:2017 isebenzisa ububanzi obuhlukile{3}}imibandela yokunciphisa kuye ngokwakhiwa kwezintambo nesimo sesevisi. Ngakho-ke, umthetho olula othi "90% ububanzi" akufanele usetshenziswe kuzo zonke izintambo zensimbi.

Kusho ukuthini u-6d no-30d ekuhlolweni kwentambo yezintambo?

Ekuhloleni intambo yocingo,dimele ububanzi bezintambo ezivamile. Ngakho-ke, u-6d usho ubukhulu obuphindwe kasithupha futhi u-30d usho izikhathi ezingamashumi amathathu kunobubanzi obujwayelekile. Lobu bude bereferensi busetshenziswa lapho kuhlolwa izintambo ezibonakalayo eziphukile ngaphansi kwemibandela esebenzayo ye-ISO 4309.

Ingabe intambo yocingo ingavikeleka ngaphandle kwezintambo ezibonakalayo eziphukile?

Yebo. Ukugqwala kwangaphakathi, ukunqamuka kwezintambo zangaphakathi, ukulimala komgogodla, ukuguga okukhulu nokunye ukonakala kwesakhiwo kungase kunciphise ukusebenza kwezintambo ngaphandle kokukhiqiza izintambo ezigqaphukile zangaphandle. Izintambo ezizungezayo{2}}zidinga ukunakwa okukhethekile ngoba ukonakala kwangaphakathi kungase kube nzima ukukubona ngokuhlola okubonakalayo kuphela.

Intambo yocingo kufanele ihlolwe kangaki?

Imvamisa yokuhlolwa incike ohlotsheni lwempahla, umsebenzi wokusebenza, imijikelezo yokulayisha, indawo ezungezile, ukwakhiwa kwezintambo kanye nemithethonqubo esebenzayo. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zokuphakamisa ezibucayi kanye nezintambo ezisebenza ezindaweni ezibucayi zingadinga ukuhlolwa okuvamile. Hlala ulandela imiyalelo yomkhiqizi wezisetshenziswa kanye nezidingo zokuhlola ezisebenzayo.

Yiluphi ulwazi oludingekayo ukuze kuhlolwe isimo sentambo yocingo?

Ukuhlola okufanele kufanele kufake phakathi ububanzi bezintambo, ukwakhiwa, uhlobo oluyisisekelo, i-lay, uhlelo lokusebenza, izimo zokusebenza, umlando wokuhlola,{0}}isimo socingo oluphukile, ukuguga, ukugqwala, ukuwohloka nokunye okubonakalayo noma okubonakalayo.

Ukukhethwa Kwentambo Yezintambo Nokusekelwa Kokubuyisela

Ukukhetha intambo yocingo eshintshwayo kubalulekile njengokukhomba ukuthi intambo ekhona kufanele ilahlwe nini. Intambo eshintshwayo kufanele ihambisane nezidingo zempahla, ukwakhiwa kwentambo, ububanzi, izinga lamandla, uhlobo oluwumgogodla, ilele kanye namazinga asebenzayo.

NgoI-SOLITE, sinikezela ngentambo yensimbi ebiyelwe, intambo yensimbi engagqwali, intambo yocingo eboshwe i-PVC/TPU kanye nezixazululo zezintambo zocingo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso zokuphakamisa, ukwakhiwa, okokusebenza kwezimboni, amakheshi, okokusebenza komzimba, ezolimo nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza.