Izintambo, njengezinto ezibalulekile-zokuthwala nokudlulisa, zisetshenziswa kakhulu ekuphakamiseni imishini, amakheshi, amabhuloho, imikhumbi, kanye nemishini yezimayini. Kodwa-ke, izintambo zezintambo zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene zibonisa umehluko omkhulu wesakhiwo, izinto zokwakha, nokusebenza. Ukuqonda lo mehluko kubalulekile ekukhetheni kahle nasekusetshenzisweni kwezintambo zocingo.
I. Umehluko Ngesakhiwo
Isakhiwo sentambo yocingo sithinta ngqo umthwalo-umthamo wokuthwala, ukuguquguquka, nokumelana nokuguga. Izakhiwo ezijwayelekile zihlanganisa:
1.Intambo Yocingo Yokuxhumana Ekhonjiwe: Yenziwe ngezingqimba eziningi zezintambo zensimbi ezisontekile, isendlalelo ngasinye sinephoyinti-kuya{2}}lokuthintana, njengezakhiwo ezingu-6×19 nezingu-6×37. Lolu hlobo lwentambo yocingo kulula ukulwenza futhi lubiza kancane, kodwa lubonisa ukuguga okusheshayo phakathi kwezintambo. Ifanele imithwalo ephakathi kanye nezimo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile.
2.Intambo Yocingo Yokuxhumana Ngomugqa: Izintambo zocingo zinokuthintana komugqa, njenge-6×19S (Siru) kanye ne-6×19W (Warrington). Izintambo zolayini-zothintana nazo zifaka ukuhlelwa kwezintambo eziminyene, okuholela ekulayisheni okukhulu{7}}umthamo wokuthwala nokumelana nokuguga okuthuthukisiwe, okuzenza zifanelekele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga imithwalo ephezulu nempilo ende.
3.Izintambo-zothintana nazo ezingaphezulu: Lezi zisebenzisa inqubo ekhethekile ukuze zenze ukuthintana phezulu phakathi kwezintambo, njengezintambo zocingo ezicinene noma izintambo zocingo ezivaliwe. Lezi zintambo zocingo zinikeza ukuminyanisa okuhle kakhulu kanye nokumelana nokuzungeza futhi zivame ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinokhahlo njengama-hoists asemayini kanye nezintambo.
II. Ukuhlukaniswa ngohlelo lokusebenza
Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukene zidinga ukusebenza okuhlukile kwezintambo zocingo, okuholela emiklamo ehlukene yezintambo zocingo nezindlela zokukhiqiza:
1.Izintambo zocingo eziphakamisayo: Lezi zidinga amandla aphezulu, ukumelana nokukhathala okuhle kakhulu, nokumelana nokugqoka. Ngokuvamile basebenzisa ulayini-othintana naye noma wangaphezulu{3}}izakhiwo zokuxhumana, ezifana ne-6×37+FC (fiber core) noma i-6×36WS+IWR (umgogodla wentambo ozimele).
2.Intambo yocingo lwe-Elevator: Idinga ukuguquguquka okuphezulu, ukunwetshwa okuphansi, nokusebenza okuzinzile kokusebenza. Imvamisa, kusetshenziswa ukwakhiwa okungu-8×19S noma okungu-8×19W, kusetshenziswa uthayela wokumelana nokugqwala okuthuthukisiwe.
3.Intambo Yocingo Yobunjiniyela Bemikhumbi Neyasogwini: Ngenxa-yokuchayeka isikhathi eside{2}}kasawoti omningi-nezindawo ezinomswakama ophezulu, lolu hlobo lwentambo ludinga ukumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, kusetshenziswa insimbi engagqwali noma engagqwali, enokwakhiwa okunqanda{5}}ukuzungezisa (okufana no-18×7 noma 35×7).
4.Intambo Yocingo Yezimayini Nokwenyusa: Idinga amandla okuphuka aphezulu kakhulu kanye nokumelana nomthelela. Intambo yocingo-eminyene, ehlanganisiwe noma intambo yocingo evalekile ivame ukusetshenziswa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha ngaphansi kwemithwalo esindayo nezimo ezinzima.
III. Ukwahlukaniswa Ngokwezinto Ezibalulekile Nokwelashwa Kwangaphandle
1.I-Carbon Steel Wire Rope: Evame kakhulu,{1}}izindleko eziphansi, futhi elungele ukusetshenziswa ezimbonini okuvamile, kodwa enokumelana nokugqwala okubi.
I-2.Stainless Steel Wire Rope: Yenziwe ngensimbi engagqwali efana ne-304 ne-316, inikeza ukumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu futhi ifaneleka ezindaweni ezikhethekile njengamakhemikhali, ukudla, nezicelo zasolwandle.
3.Intambo Yocingo Olunamanzi: Okushisayo-I-dip galvanizing noma i-electroplating ithuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala futhi ifanele indawo yangaphandle noma eswakeme, njengokuphakanyiswa kwesakhiwo nokugcinwa kwebhuloho.
4.Intambo Yocingo Enandisiwe: Ezinye izintambo eziphezulu-zihlanganisa i-polyurethane noma inayiloni enayiloni ukuze iguge futhi imelane nokugqwala, okuyenza ifanelekele ukusetshenziswa kwezimboni ezikhethekile.
IV. Ukuhlelwa Ngokuphikisana Nokuzungeza
Izintambo zocingo zingase zijikeleze uma zilayishiwe, okonakalise ukuphepha. Ngokusekelwe ekuphikiseni kwabo ukuzungezisa, zingahlukaniswa kanje:
•Izintambo-ezingazungezi{1}}eziqinile: Ukwakhiwa okujwayelekile, kulungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezimile noma{2}}ezinesivinini esiphansi.
•Izintambo zocingo-ezincane ezijikelezayo: Izintambo zocingo ezinokuthambekela okuphansi ukuzungezisa, njengo-18×7 noma 35×7, zifanele ama-cranes namakheshi.
•Izintambo ezizungeza ngokuphelele-eziqinile: Lezi, njengezakhiwo-ezizimele zezintambo ezizimele (IWR), ziphenduka kancane{2}}ziyamelana futhi zifanele{3}}ukuphakamisa ukunemba kanye nezinkundla zasolwandle.
Izintambo zocingo ziyehluka ngokuyinhloko ngesakhiwo sazo, isicelo, izinto zokwakha, nokumelana nokujikeleza. Ukukhetha intambo yocingo efanele kudinga ukucatshangelwa okubanzi kwezinto ezifana nezimo zomthwalo, indawo yokusebenza, nempilo yesevisi. Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezingokoqobo, izindinganiso ezifanele (njenge-GB/T 20118 kanye ne-ISO 4309) kufanele zilandelwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha nokwethembeka. Ngokuzayo, ngokuthuthuka kwesayensi yezinto zokwakha kanye nezinqubo zokukhiqiza, ukusebenza kwezintambo zocingo kuzoqhubeka nokuba ngcono, kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zobunjiniyela eziyinkimbinkimbi nakakhulu.
